飞行质谱技术临床免疫学检验的应用

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　　飞行质谱技术的全称是表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术(surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry，SELDI-TOF-MS)，是利用相同能量的带电粒子，由于质量的差异而具有不同速度从而以不同时间通过相同的漂移距离到达接收器，依据离子束到达检测器的时间推算出m/z，从而进行定性和定量检测。其高灵敏度、高通量的分析特点使其在临床免疫学检验生物标志物检测方面成为一项有力的工具，筛选作用独特高效。

       如前列腺癌及前列腺增生、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、肾癌、结肠癌、喉癌、鼻咽癌、食道癌等，都发现了特异的蛋白或某些蛋白的增加或者减少。尤其质谱检测技术在泌尿系统中的应用发展迅速。由于其检测的样本为尿液，对患者身体不造成伤害，不仅可以早期诊断肾脏疾病，而且避免或减轻了传统侵入性方法如肾脏活检等给患者带来的痛苦，提高患者治疗的依从性和存活率。在肾脏肿瘤、糖尿病性肾脏病变、肾脏移植功能检测等具有很大应用前景。此外毛细管电泳质谱技术被广泛用于泌尿系统 peptidomical 生物标志物的研究，验证了许多已经报道的但是没有蛋白和肽段识别的研究结果。

　　Agger等采用液相色谱-多重反应检测-质谱(LC-MRM/MS)方法通过同时定量测定血浆样本中载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ和载脂蛋白B来推进质谱方法同时定量多种血浆/血清中蛋白质在临床前期的生物标志物大规模筛选以及取代价格昂贵的免疫测定方法作为实验室检查的常规方法的应用。结果表明LC-MRM/MS与传统免疫学方法相关性良好且具有大规模应用于临床研究的可行性。因其简化了样本的前处理以及样本前处理中蛋白消化作用带来的变异，具有潜在的应用前景。

       Such as prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, etc., have found specific proteins or certain proteins Increase or decrease. In particular, the application of mass spectrometry technology in the urinary system has developed rapidly. Because the sample it detects is urine, it does not cause harm to the patient's body, not only can early diagnosis of kidney disease, but also avoid or reduce the pain caused by traditional invasive methods such as kidney biopsy, improve patient compliance and Survival rate. It has great application prospects in renal tumors, diabetic nephropathy, and kidney transplantation function tests. In addition, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry is widely used in the study of peptidomical biomarkers in the urinary system, validating many of the findings that have been reported but without protein and peptide recognition.